{
  "title": "PEG227 historical engineering intelligence — Keller 2009",
  "sourceDate": "2009",
  "edition": "Keller reprint, technical paper 10-65E",
  "observedAt": "2026-10-25",
  "sourceRecord": "S01",
  "authors": "Yee, Chua & Yandamuri",
  "sourceTitle": "Foundation Works for a Sewage Treatment Plant Using Ground Improvement Methods in Malaysia",
  "sourceUrl": "https://www.scribd.com/document/263231290/coloane-beton",
  "publisherMetadataUrl": "https://rpsonline.com.sg/proceedings/9789810831240/html/GI173.php",
  "scope": "Historical engineering facts paraphrased from the Keller paper; separate from purchased IWK GIS data. Not a current survey or as-built.",
  "facts": [
    {
      "id": "K01",
      "section": "§3",
      "topic": "SBR block dimensions",
      "finding": "Six twin reinforced-concrete SBR blocks are described at approximately 90 × 60 × 7 m high. A 25 mm separation is reported.",
      "limit": "The exact joint location/detail is not established here. The separation is not tank-wall thickness; 7 m is structural height, not confirmed water depth."
    },
    {
      "id": "K02",
      "section": "§3",
      "topic": "Floors above SBR 1 & 2",
      "finding": "SBR 1 & 2 included two additional floors for offices and equipment storage.",
      "limit": "Historical arrangement; present room divisions and use are unverified."
    },
    {
      "id": "K03",
      "section": "§3",
      "topic": "Retaining wall",
      "finding": "A perimeter reinforced-concrete retaining wall up to 4 m high is described.",
      "limit": "Historical retaining structure, not the current GIS site boundary. Its current height and route are unverified."
    },
    {
      "id": "K04",
      "section": "§4.3",
      "topic": "Ground-improvement strategy",
      "finding": "VCC addressed garbage fill, CC served heavier structures, and VSC served lighter structures. VCC: vibro concrete columns; CC: cement columns; VSC: vibro stone columns.",
      "limit": "Historical foundation design strategy; current ground conditions and foundation condition are unverified."
    },
    {
      "id": "K05",
      "section": "§6",
      "topic": "SBR foundation pairs",
      "finding": "VCC: SBR 1–2, 3–4 and 7–8. CC: SBR 5–6, 9–10 and 11–12.",
      "limit": "Historical SBR numbering; no new positioning or fitting to the current drawing."
    },
    {
      "id": "K06",
      "section": "§4.2",
      "topic": "Foundation design criteria",
      "finding": "Reported SBR foundation loads: 96–126 kPa. Design settlement: less than 75 mm; differential settlement: less than 1:360.",
      "limit": "Historical design criteria, not measurements of present loading or settlement."
    },
    {
      "id": "K07",
      "section": "§6",
      "topic": "Testing and settlement",
      "finding": "All SBRs were hydrotested. Source-reported maximum settlements ranged from 5–20 mm over a 10-month observation period.",
      "limit": "Historical testing observations, not current plant performance or condition."
    }
  ],
  "conflicts": [
    "Keller 2009 describes twin blocks at approximately 90 × 60 × 7 m; Raju 2010 reports 80 × 60 × 7 m. Whether these use the same grouping or measurement basis is unresolved.",
    "The older 1.2 million ultimate PE and the IWK field Design PE 800000 have different stated bases. Their difference does not prove a capacity change."
  ],
  "usefulness": "Useful for understanding historical foundation systems, elevated accommodation above SBR 1 & 2, and the reported retaining wall. It does not locate or dimension current tanks, roofs or walls.",
  "limits": [
    "Do not fit, rescale or amend the current site drawing from these historical dimensions.",
    "No new current drawing revision, survey, operating water depth or present structural condition was established."
  ],
  "copyrightScope": "Factual paraphrases only. The full paper and its figures are not republished.",
  "abbreviations": {
    "VCC": "vibro concrete columns",
    "CC": "cement columns",
    "VSC": "vibro stone columns"
  }
}